Bolivia is Struggling With a Risk of Defaulting On Its Foreign Debts

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Team of Hukumindo

Previously, the www.hukumindo.com platform has talk about "Step-by-Step Guide How to Set Up a Company in Indonesia as a Foreigner", "Legally, Islands in Indonesian Territory Cannot Be Bought or Sold", you may read also "Parking for Just a Few Hours Costs Millions" and on this occasion we will discuss about 'Bolivia is Struggling With a Risk of Defaulting On Its Foreign Debts'.

Bolivia is currently struggling with an economic crisis that is at risk of defaulting on its foreign debts. Adding to the social and economic unrest among the people. Bolivian President Luis Arce Catacora said the risk of defaulting on its debts would increase if the country did not immediately obtain new funding sources. "We are trying not to default. We have the intention to pay our debts, but what if we do not have the resources?" Arce said in an interview at his office in La Paz, Bolivia's capital. Bolivia's debt has reached US$13.3 billion or equivalent to IDR. 218.06 trillion (exchange rate of IDR. 16,396/US dollar). Most of this debt comes from the Inter-American Development Bank, the Latin American and Caribbean Development Bank (CAF), the World Bank, and China. According to the World Bank, the amount of debt that is burdening Bolivia represents more than 37% of its gross national income. The last time the country defaulted on its debts was 41 years ago in 1984.[1]

On the other hand, Arce admitted that the government did not get permission from parliament to seek new loans worth US$ 1.8 billion or IDR. 29.51 trillion from multilateral institutions. Meanwhile, according to him, the country needed US$ 2.6 billion or IDR. 42.62 trillion in December for fuel imports and foreign debt payments. "We made the worst deal as a country. Because when a country has foreign debt, you pay principal and interest to creditors, and that dollar outflow is compensated by the inflow of new disbursements from new debt, which is not happening," he said.[2]

It should be noted that Bolivia is home to 12 million people and the majority of the population is indigenous. They are one of the poorest countries on the continent despite having abundant natural resources such as gas and lithium. This condition began in 2023 when the state-owned oil and gas company, YPFB, said Bolivia was running out of natural gas due to a lack of investment in new exploration. Even though natural gas is the country's most important export product. The sharp drop in natural gas exports has caused foreign exchange reserves to plummet, leaving Bolivia unable to import enough of the heavily subsidized fuel for the domestic market. Inflation has continued to hit a record high of 18.4% year-on-year in May, the highest in nearly two decades, and the local currency, the Boliviano, has continued to lose value.[3] And if you have any legal issue in Indonesia territory, contact us for business inquiry, feel free in 24 hour, we will be glad to assist you. 

*) For further information please contact:

Mahmud Kusuma Advocate

Law Office

Jakarta - Indonesia.

E-mail: mahmudkusuma22@gmail.com

________________

References:

1. "Negara Ini Terlilit Utang Rp 218 T, Presidennya Bingung Mau Bayar Pakai Apa", finance.detik.com, Ignacio Geordi Oswaldo, 21 Jun 2025, Diakses pada tanggal 28 Juni 2025, Link: https://finance.detik.com/berita-ekonomi-bisnis/d-7975368/negara-ini-terlilit-utang-rp-218-t-presidennya-bingung-mau-bayar-pakai-apa.

2. Ibid.

3. Ibid.

Step-by-Step Guide How to Set Up a Company in Indonesia as a Foreigner

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By:

Team of Hukumindo

Previously, the www.hukumindo.com platform has talk about "Legally, Islands in Indonesian Territory Cannot Be Bought or Sold", "Parking for Just a Few Hours Costs Millions", you may read also "Malaysian Authorities Sue Telegram to the Court" and on this occasion we will discuss about 'Step-by-Step Guide How to Set Up a Company in Indonesia as a Foreigner'.

Indonesia has become an increasingly attractive destination for foreign investors due to its growing economy and large consumer base. If you're a foreigner looking to start a business in Indonesia, the most common legal entity is a PT. PMA (Perseroan Terbatas Penanaman Modal Asing), or Foreign-Owned Company.

Step-by-Step Guide:

1. Determine Your Business Sector

Some sectors are open 100% to foreign ownership, while others are restricted or require partnerships with locals. Always refer to the Negative Investment List (DNI) or the updated Positive Investment List to check the rules for your industry.

2. Choose a Legal Entity: PT. PMA

A PT PMA allows foreign investors to legally conduct business and generate revenue in Indonesia. It can be 100% foreign-owned, depending on the sector.

3. Meet Minimum Investment Requirements

-Minimum total investment: USD 700,000 (approx. IDR 10 billion)

-Minimum paid-up capital: USD 175,000 (approx. IDR 2.5 billion)

Proof of capital must be shown through a statement letter or capital injection.

4. Company Setup Process

-Reserve a company name

-Prepare the Deed of Establishment via a local notary

-Obtain approval from the Ministry of Law and Human Rights

-Obtain a Tax Identification Number (NPWP) and register with the tax office

-Apply for a Business Identification Number (NIB) through the OSS system

-Secure additional licenses depending on your business field

5. Open a Corporate Bank Account

Once your company is registered, you can open a bank account in Indonesia to operate financially.

6. Hire Staff and Start Operating

You can hire local or foreign employees, but foreign hires may require a work permit (KITAS).

Note: The process usually takes 4–8 weeks, depending on the complexity and your business type. It’s highly recommended to consult a local legal or business consultant to ensure compliance and smooth processing. And if you have any legal issue in Indonesia territory, contact us for business inquiry, feel free in 24 hour, we will be glad to assist you. 

*) For further information please contact:

Mahmud Kusuma Advocate

Law Office

Jakarta - Indonesia.

E-mail: mahmudkusuma22@gmail.com

Legally, Islands in Indonesian Territory Cannot Be Bought or Sold

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By:

Team of Hukumindo

Previously, the www.hukumindo.com platform has talk about "Parking for Just a Few Hours Costs Millions", "Malaysian Authorities Sue Telegram to the Court", you may read also "This is the Main Cause of Thuggery in Indonesia" and on this occasion we will discuss about 'Legally, Islands in Indonesian Territory Cannot Be Bought or Sold'.

As many as 4 beautiful islands in the Anambas Islands are being offered to prospective buyers on an online site. Here are the facts related to the sale of the islands. Small islands in Indonesia are suspected of being traded on foreign sites. The four islands being sold in Anambas Regency, Riau Islands (Kepri) are Ritan Island, Tokongsendok Island, Mala Island, and Nakok Island. The islands in Anambas are being offered through a site called Private Islands Inc which is based at 80 Simcoe Street, Suite 102A Collingwood, Ontario L9Y 1H8, Canada. The site offers islands in various parts of the world for sale or rent. In Indonesia, there are five islands being offered. One of them is a pair of islands in Anambas Regency. The site also describes the beauty of the islands in the Anambas Islands which are beautiful and pristine so that they have the potential to be developed into a high-class ecotourism resort. Moreover, its location is only about 200 nautical miles from Singapore. The first island for sale has an area of ​​about 141 hectares, with lush tropical greenery and is equipped with a lagoon and natural beach. Meanwhile, the second island for sale is smaller, only 18 hectares.[1]

Meanwhile, the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries denied this. Special Staff of the Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries for Public Relations and Public Communication, Doni Ismanto Darwin emphasized that the four islands are not for sale. "I emphasize that these four islands are not for sale because these four islands are the sovereign territory of Indonesia," said Doni in a post on the Instagram account @kkpgoid. Doni explained that the four islands are included in the Anambas Islands conservation area. Based on the Regional Regulation of the Anambas Islands Regency Number 3 of 2003 concerning the Spatial Planning Plan for the Anambas Islands Regency for 2023 to 2043, the allocation of space for these four islands is a tourism area. "Here it is necessary to clarify that there are no regulations in Indonesia that allow the sale of islands. The government provides full protection to small islands, especially because they are related to state sovereignty," explained Doni.[2] And if you have any legal issue in Indonesia territory, contact us for business inquiry, feel free in 24 hour, we will be glad to assist you. 

*) For further information please contact:

Mahmud Kusuma Advocate

Law Office

Jakarta - Indonesia.

E-mail: mahmudkusuma22@gmail.com

________________

References:

1. "Fakta-fakta 4 Pulau Cantik di Anambas yang Dijual di Situs Online", travel.detik.com, Retno Ayuningrum, 20 Jun 2025, Link: https://travel.detik.com/travel-news/d-7974355/fakta-fakta-4-pulau-cantik-di-anambas-yang-dijual-di-situs-online.

2. Ibid.

Parking for Just a Few Hours Costs Millions

  

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By:

Team of Hukumindo

Previously, the www.hukumindo.com platform has talk about "Malaysian Authorities Take Telegram to the Court", "This is the Main Cause of Thuggery in Indonesia", you may read also "Got Scammed After Helping Someone In Need" and on this occasion we will discuss about 'Parking for Just a Few Hours Costs Millions'.

A mother in England paid a parking fee of 4,586 pounds or around IDR. 101 million after parking her car for two hours. The mother named Yaditi Kava (39) said that she initially took her two daughters shopping at the Queensmere Observatory Shopping Center in Slough, England. After shopping, she decided to have dinner before going home. After dinner, she headed to the parking lot to drive her car and go home. When she was about to leave, the area with the parking payment machine was closed, so she decided to pay at the exit. "I tapped my card, then a message appeared saying that I needed to enter my PIN," said Kava. She then typed her PIN number into the exit barrier machine without realizing the amount of the parking fee. [1]

"I was in a hurry, my daughters were getting tired, and I didn't see the numbers on the little card machine. The big screen showed 4.5, so I thought it was £4.50," Kava said. The barrier then lifted, and she immediately received a notification message from her bank. "To my surprise, I saw that the parking fee was not £4.50, but £4,586," she recalled. Kava had to wait until Monday to speak to a manager. When she had the chance to complain, the manager replied that the parking machine was broken.[2]

"He made a receipt on May 19 and assured me that I would see the money in my account within 2-3 business days," Kava said. But three weeks later, Kava has not received the refund in his account. He added that the full funds were transferred to his account on Saturday, June 7. The Queensmere shopping centre's management company, Savills, said it regretted the incident and was investigating the system to prevent future problems.[3] And if you have any legal issue in Indonesia territory, contact us for business inquiry, feel free in 24 hour, we will be glad to assist you. 

*) For further information please contact:

Mahmud Kusuma Advocate

Law Office

Jakarta - Indonesia.

E-mail: mahmudkusuma22@gmail.com

________________

References:

1. "Parkir 2 Jam, Ibu Ini Kaget Bayar Rp 101 Juta", www.kompas.com, Danur Lambang Pristiandaru, 21/06/2025, Diakses pada tanggal 24 Juni 2025, Link: https://www.kompas.com/global/read/2025/06/21/123100070/parkir-2-jam-ibu-ini-kaget-bayar-rp-101-juta?page=1.

2. Ibid.

3. Ibid.

Malaysian Authorities Sue Telegram to the Court

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By:

Team of Hukumindo

Previously, the www.hukumindo.com platform has talk about "This is the Main Cause of Thuggery in Indonesia", "Got Scammed After Helping Someone In Need", you may read also "Four Islands That Were Part of the Polemic Officially Become Aceh Region" and on this occasion we will discuss about 'Malaysian Authorities Sue Telegram to the Court'.

Malaysian authorities have taken Telegram to the court over the spread of illegal contentions, and Multimedia Commission has issued a temporary order to stop the spread of content on Telegram and two channels on the platform. The two channels in question are "Edisi Siasat" and "Edisi Khas". "The content on the two channels has the potential to damage public trust in national institutions and disrupt social harmony," the commission explained.[1]

Meanwhile, the commission said Telegram would be given the opportunity to defend itself regarding this matter. "Telegram was given a fair opportunity to present its defense in accordance with the principles of justice and fundamental rights," the Communications and Multimedia Commission explained in its statement. Malaysia has implemented new social media rules in January 2025. Under the rules, social media and messaging services, including Telegram, with more than 8 million users in Malaysia are required to obtain a license. Failure to do so will threaten legal action for digital platforms.[2] And if you have any legal issue in Indonesia territory, contact us for business inquiry, feel free in 24 hour, we will be glad to assist you. 

*) For further information please contact:

Mahmud Kusuma Advocate

Law Office

Jakarta - Indonesia.

E-mail: mahmudkusuma22@gmail.com

________________

References:

1. "Malaysia Ngamuk, Raksasa Teknologi Dibawa ke Meja Hijau", www.cnbcindonesia.com, Novina Putri Bestari, 19 Juni 2025, Diakses pada tanggal 21 Juni 2025, Link: https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/tech/20250619151234-37-642331/malaysia-ngamuk-raksasa-teknologi-dibawa-ke-meja-hijau

2. Ibid.

This is the Main Cause of Thuggery in Indonesia

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By:

Team of Hukumindo

Previously, the www.hukumindo.com platform has talk about "Got Scammed After Helping Someone In Need", you may read also "Four Islands That Were Part of the Polemic Officially Become Aceh Region" and on this occasion we will discuss about 'This is the Main Cause of Thuggery in Indonesia'.

Thuggery is a scourge for Indonesian society. Not only for citizens, but also for business people. In Indonesia, thuggery is not a new thing. This phenomenon has been going on for a long time. The 10th and 12th Vice President, Jusuf Kalla, assessed that thuggery is not only about crime. But it also reflects the current economic conditions. "But the big reason is the economy, they don't work. Imagine if they worked, where would they go to extort people in the market?" he said.[1]

According to him, Indonesia's economic slowdown has caused a negative cycle. Starting from a decrease in purchasing power which causes reduced production and causes a wave of layoffs. "Purchasing power has decreased, because there are many layoffs, trade is not good, people don't go to restaurants, people don't shop, people don't buy cars. There has been a decrease in purchasing power, ability. Many children cannot pay their tuition fees, because their parents may have been laid off, the effects are widespread," he said. JK assessed that eradicating thuggery is not enough just by enforcing the law. However, economic conditions must also be improved so that people get income from decent jobs. "So we have to overcome both. Economic improvement, make the nation effective. Then of course, the crime problem must be overcome," he said.[2] And if you have any legal issue in Indonesia territory, contact us for business inquiry, feel free in 24 hour, we will be glad to assist you. 

*) For further information please contact:

Mahmud Kusuma Advocate

Law Office

Jakarta - Indonesia.

E-mail: mahmudkusuma22@gmail.com

________________

References:

1. "JK Ungkap Biang Kerok Banyak Preman di Indonesia", www.cnbcindonesia.com, Zahwa Madjid, 26 May 2025, Diakses pada tanggal 20 Juni 2025, Link: https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20250526184355-4-636418/jk-ungkap-biang-kerok-banyak-preman-di-indonesia

2. Ibid.

Got Scammed After Helping Someone In Need

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By:

Team of Hukumindo

Previously, the www.hukumindo.com platform has talk about "Four Islands That Were Part of the Polemic Officially Become Aceh Region", "The Story of the Marriage of an British Woman and a Masai Warrior", you may read also "North Sumatra Quarantine Law Enforcers to Uncover an Illegal Trade Network" and on this occasion we will discuss about 'Got Scammed After Helping Someone In Need'.

With the intention of helping others by buying milk for their babies, this man was actually tricked. The milk he gave was sold to another shop at a cheap price. A man in Malaysia shared how he was tricked after thinking that he had helped someone in need. Through a Facebook post, a man named Derrick Cheong Shun Lin shared that at that time he was approached by a strange man in Taman Daya, Johor Bahru. The strange man asked him if he could help buy necessities for his 2-day-old baby. "I never thought I would experience something like this. Yesterday morning, after breakfast, I was getting ready to get into the car to go to work," he wrote in the Facebook post. "A strange man came to me and told me that his baby was only 2 days old. He needed some things, such as milk, milk bottles, and diapers," he continued. Derrick did not feel suspicious, because the man did not ask for money but directly the items he needed. The man said that he had bought diapers. Therefore, Derrick bought milk and several milk bottles. To convince Derrick, the man even showed him his baby. "I saw that it was hot, so of course I said it was unnecessary. I initially believed him because he asked for milk, not money," Derrick said.[1]

After being given milk and a bottle of milk, the man was overjoyed and thanked him repeatedly. Derrick was also happy because he could help someone in trouble. However, he later found out that the man was suspected of committing fraud. His wife found someone's post that went viral about the man's fraudulent scheme. The post explained how the same man allegedly tricked people into buying milk for him, then resold the milk to other stores. "It turned out that he did have a scheme, he had done the same thing repeatedly. He would take the items that were bought, such as milk, and then sell it cheaper to other stores," said Derrick. Derrick finally shared his experience on Facebook to warn others to be more wary of strangers who suddenly ask for help.[2] And if you have any legal issue in Indonesia territory, contact us for business inquiry, feel free in 24 hour, we will be glad to assist you. 

*) For further information please contact:

Mahmud Kusuma Advocate

Law Office

Jakarta - Indonesia.

E-mail: mahmudkusuma22@gmail.com

________________

References:

1. "Kena Tipu, Pria Belikan Susu Bayi untuk Pria Asing Ternyata Dijual Lagi", www.detik.com., Riska Fitria, 18 Jun 2025, Diakses pada tanggal 19 Juni 2025, Link: https://food.detik.com/info-kuliner/d-7970663/kena-tipu-pria-belikan-susu-bayi-untuk-pria-asing-ternyata-dijual-lagi.

2. Ibid.

Four Islands That Were Part of the Polemic Officially Become Aceh Region

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By:

Team of Hukumindo

Previously, the www.hukumindo.com platform has talk about "The Story of the Marriage of an British Woman and a Masai Warrior", "North Sumatra Quarantine Law Enforcers to Uncover an Illegal Trade Network", you may read also "Prabowo Subianto Raises Salaries of Indonesian Judges" and on this occasion we will discuss about 'Four Islands That Were Part of the Polemic Officially Become Aceh Region'.

The government has decided on the dispute over 4 islands fought over by the North Sumatra (Sumut) and Aceh Provincial Governments. President Prabowo Subianto has decided that the 4 islands legally belong to the Aceh Provincial Government. This was conveyed at a press conference by State Secretary Prasetyo Hadi at the President's office, Jakarta (6/17/2025). Also present were Deputy Speaker of the DPR Sufmi Dasco Ahmad, Minister of Home Affairs Tito Karnavian, Governor of North Sumatra Bobby Nasution, and Governor of Aceh Muzakir Manaf Mualem. Prasetyo said that his party had held a limited meeting on Tuesday, discussing the polemic dispute over 4 islands, namely Panjang Island, Lipan Island, Mangkir Gadang Island, and Mangkir Ketek Island.[1]

"Based on the report from the Ministry of Internal Affairs, based on supporting data documents, then earlier the President decided that the government based on the basic documents owned by the government has made a decision that the four islands, namely Panjang Island, Lipan Island, then Mangkir Gadang Island, and Mangkir Ketek Island, administratively based on the documents owned by the government are included in the administrative area of ​​Aceh," Prasetyo said. The four islands that were fought over became a polemic because they were said to be in the North Sumatra region based on the decision of the Ministry of Home Affairs. In fact, the four islands were originally part of the Aceh region.[2] And if you have any legal issue in Indonesia territory, contact us for business inquiry, feel free in 24 hour, we will be glad to assist you. 

*) For further information please contact:

Mahmud Kusuma Advocate

Law Office

Jakarta - Indonesia.

E-mail: mahmudkusuma22@gmail.com

________________

References:

1. "Prabowo Putuskan 4 Pulau Sah Milik Aceh", www.detik.com., Eva Safitri, 17 Jun 2025, Diakses pada tanggal 18 Juni 2025, Link: https://news.detik.com/berita/d-7968519/prabowo-putuskan-4-pulau-sah-milik-aceh.

2. Ibid.