How to Obtain Indonesian Citizenship?

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By:

Team of Hukumindo

Previously, the www.hukumindo.com platform has discussed about "Knowing KITAS (Limited Stay Permit Card) In Indonesia", "First Legal Aid When a Foreigners Arrested By The Police", read also: "How to Open a Police Report in Indonesia?", and on this occasion will be discussed about the issue 'How to Obtain Indonesian Citizenship?'

Definition of Citizen according to Indonesian Law

In addition to being regulated in Article 26 of the 1945 Constitution, citizens are also regulated in Law Number: 12 of 2006 concerning Citizenship of the Republic of Indonesia. The following is the definition of a citizen according to the law as stated in Article 4 letter "a" (most relevant to this article):[1]

• 'Any person based on laws and/or based on an agreement between the Government of the Republic of Indonesia with other countries prior to the enactment of this Law has become an Indonesian citizen';

This means, in this article, it is assumed that you are a foreign citizen who wishes to acquire Indonesian citizenship. And based on the provisions of Article 4 letter "a" Law Number: 12 of 2006 concerning Citizenship of the Republic of Indonesia above, as far as it fulfills the legal provisions governing it, it is legal to obtain Indonesian citizenship. The phrase 'based on laws' above, is in line with the meaning of as long as it fulfills the applicable legal provisions, then translated through the requirements and procedures as follows.

Requirements to be an Indonesian Citizen

The requirements for obtaining Indonesian Citizens, as regulated in Article 9 of Law Number: 12 of 2006 concerning Citizenship are:[1]

1. 18 years old or married (even if they are not yet 18 years old);
2. At the time of submitting the application, have lived in Indonesia for 5 consecutive years or 10 non-consecutive years;
3. Physically and mentally healthy;
4. Able to speak Indonesian and recognizes the state foundation of "Pancasila" and the 1945 Constitution;
5. Never been sentenced to a criminal sentence/imprisonment for being proven guilty of a crime/crime punishable by imprisonment of 1 year or more;
6. Obtaining Indonesian citizenship does not result in dual citizenship, because it is not recognized in the Indonesian legal system. In other words, the citizenship status of other countries must be relinquished;
7. Have a job or have a steady income;
8. Paying money/citizenship fees to the State Treasury. For further information regarding the amount of this fee, please contact the nearest Indonesian Immigration Office.

In addition to the 8 conditions mentioned above, logically someone who will apply to obtain the status of an Indonesian citizen must not be in a condition that is not permitted by Law Number: 12 of 2006 concerning Citizenship, such as being in military service or a civil servant in another country. 

Procedure for Becoming an Indonesian Citizen

The procedure for becoming an Indonesian citizen is as regulated in Articles 10-18 of Law Number: 12 of 2006 concerning Citizenship, namely:[2]

1. The application is submitted in writing in (bahasa) Indonesian on paper with the seal of the Republic of Indonesia, addressed to the President of the Republic of Indonesia through the Minister of Law & Human Rights, and submitted to the relevant Immigration Officer;
2. If the application is submitted abroad, the application can be made through the Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in the country concerned and will be forwarded to the Minister of Law & Human Rights;
3. The Minister of Law & Human Rights will forward the application to the President of the Republic of Indonesia no later than 3 (three) months from the date of receipt of the application, accompanied by various considerations;
4. The President of the Republic of Indonesia may accept or reject the application;
5. If accepted, a Presidential Decree (Keppres) of the Republic of Indonesia will be issued no later than 3 (three) months from the receipt of the application and will be submitted to the person concerned no later than 14 (fourteen) days from the date of the Presidential Decree;
6. If the application is rejected, the Minister of Law & Human Rights will notify the person concerned no later than 3 (three) months from the receipt of the application, along with the reasons for the rejection;
7. The Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia abroad will summon the applicant to take an oath or pledge allegiance to the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia no later than 3 (three) months after the Presidential Decree was sent to the person concerned. In this case, the Presidential Decree will be effective as of the date of taking the oath or statement of promise;
8. If at the time of taking the oath or statement of promise it turns out that the applicant is not present without a valid reason, then the Presidential Decree will automatically be deemed null and void;
9. After taking the oath or statement of promise, the applicant is required to submit his/her immigration documents/letters to the Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia within a period of no later than 14 (fourteen) days;
10. Copies of the Presidential Decree and Minutes of the Oath-taking/Statement of Promise are valid evidence of the acquisition of Indonesian Citizen status for the person concerned. In this case, the Minister of Law & Human Rights will announce the name concerned as a legal Indonesian citizen through the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia.​

The procedure referred to in numbers 1 to 10 above is called ordinary naturalization. In addition to naturalization in general, Article 20 of Law Number 12 of 2006 concerning Citizenship also regulates naturalization in a special way. The requirement to become an Indonesian citizen by means of special naturalization, which refers to foreign nationals who have rendered services to the Republic of Indonesia or for reasons of state interest after obtaining consideration from the state institution, the House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia. However, if the foreigner who applies for the Special Naturalization will later cause him to have dual citizenship, then the naturalization will not be granted.[3] 

In practice, naturalization is preferentially given to many athletes as a shortcut to defend a country in a sporting event. This also happened in Indonesia. For example, a soccer player born in Brazil was then naturalized to become an Indonesian citizen. This special naturalization process instantly entitles a person to defend a new country that has naturalized him in international sporting events. 

There is also a topic regarding the technical contents of the application letter to obtain Indonesian citizenship and its attachments, which will be discussed on another occasion. If you have any issue to Obtain Indonesian Citizenship, contact us, feel free in 24 hours, we will be glad to help you.

*) For further information please contact:

Mahmud Kusuma Advocate

Law Office

Jakarta - Indonesia.

E-mail: mahmudkusuma22@gmail.com

________________

References:

1. "Warga Negara: Pengertian, Syarat, dan Tata Cara Memperoleh Kewarganegaraan", www.detik.com, Penulis: Kristina, Rabu, 08 Sep 2021, diakses pada tanggal 15 Oktober 2021, https://www.detik.com/edu/detikpedia/d-5714082/warga-negara-pengertian-syarat-dan-tata-cara-memperoleh-kewarganegaraan.

2. "Memperoleh Kembali Kewarganegaraan RI", Kedutaan Besar Republik Indonesia Di Dili Republik Demokratik Timor-Leste, diakses pada tanggal 15 Oktober 2021, https://kemlu.go.id/dili/id/pages/memperoleh_kewarganegaraan_ri_/1771/etc-menu

3. Ibid.

4. "Cara dan Syarat-Syarat Menjadi Warga Negara Indonesia atau WNI", tirto.id., diakses pada tanggal 15 Oktober 2021, https://tirto.id/cara-dan-syarat-syarat-menjadi-warga-negara-indonesia-atau-wni-ghnS

5. Law Number: 12 of 2006 concerning Citizenship.

Knowing KITAS (Limited Stay Permit Card) In Indonesia

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By:

Team of Hukumindo

Previously, the Hukumindo.com platform has discussed about "How to Open a Police Report in Indonesia?", and on this valuable occasion will be discussed about Knowing 'Limited Stay Permit Card' or KITAS In Indonesia? 

Term & Governing Law on KITAS (Residence Permit) In Indonesia

KITAS is a 'Limited Stay Permit Card', before being named 'KITAS' it was called 'KIMS' or 'Temporary Resident Permit Card'. This card is intended for Foreign Citizens working in Indonesia so that they can stay in Indonesia (a kind of resident permit) and must be extended once a year. To get this card, you must have a job in Indonesia and be sponsored by the company where the foreign citizen works.[1]

Governing Law on 'Limited Stay Permit Card' or KITAS In Indonesia, among them, are:[2]

1. Law No: 6 Year 2011 Regarding Immigration;
2. Law No: 13 Year 2003 Regarding Manpower;
3. Ministry of Law and Human Rights (Kemenkumham) Regulation No. 16 Year 2018 Regarding Procedures for Granting Visas and Stay Permits for Foreign Workers;
4. Presidential Regulation No: 20 Year 2018 Regarding The Use of Foreign Workers;
5. Government Regulation No: 31 Year 2013 Regarding The Implementing Regulations of Law No: 6 Year 2011 Regarding Immigration.
6. Ect.

Limited Stay Permit Cards (KITAS) are issued to:[3]

1. Foreigners who are legally married to Indonesian citizens;
2. Children of foreigners who are legally married to Indonesian citizens;
3. Children who at the time of birth in the Indonesian Territory father and/or mother holders of a Limited Stay Permit Card (KITAS);
4. Foreign nationals who enter the Indonesian Territory with a limited stay visa or foreigners who are granted status transfer from a visit Stay Permit;
5. The captain, crew, or foreign experts on board ships, floating equipment, or installations operating in Indonesian waters and jurisdictions in accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations;
6. Limited Stay Permit Card can also be given to Foreigners to do short work.

Foreign Workers referred here are includes:[4]

1. Work as an expert;
2. Conduct scientific research;
3. Participate in education and training;
4. Performing duties as a clergy;
5. Elderly tourists from abroad;
6. Foreigners who are former Indonesian citizens;
7. Foreigners in the context of investment;
8. Joining a husband or wife holding a Limited Stay Permit Card (KITAS);
9. Merge with the father and/or mother for children who are foreign nationals who have a legal family relationship with the father and/or mother who are Indonesian citizens;
10. Joining the father and/or mother holding a Limited Stay Permit Card or Permanent Stay Permit Card for children under 18 (eighteen) years old and unmarried;

The validity Period of The Limited Stay Permit Card Ends Because The Holder:[5]

1. Return to the country of origin and do not intend to enter the Indonesian Territory again;
2. Return to their country of origin and do not return again beyond the validity period of their Re-Entry Permit;
3. Obtaining the citizenship of the Republic of Indonesia;
4. The permit has expired;
5. The permit changes status to Permanent Stay Permit;
6. The permit is canceled by the Minister or the appointed Immigration Officer;
7. Subject to Deportation;
8. Died.

We summarize the procedures for managing ITAS for Foreign Workers as follows: 1). Applications are submitted by foreigners or their guarantors to the relevant Immigration Office; 2). Applications must be submitted within 30 days from the date of entry; 3). The Immigration Office checks the requirements that must be attached; 4). In the event that the inspection requirements have been met, the Head of the Immigration Office within a maximum of 4 (four) working days issues the Limited Stay Permit Card (KITAS). If you have any issue regarding your Limited Stay Permit Card (KITAS), contact us, feel free in 24 hours, we will be glad to help you.

*) For further information please contact:

Mahmud Kusuma Advocate

Law Office

Jakarta - Indonesia.

E-mail: mahmudkusuma22@gmail.com

________________

References:

1. "Prosedur Kartu Izin Tinggal Terbatas", www.bisaberes.com, diakses pada tanggal 8 Oktober 2021, http://www.bisaberes.com/prosedur-perizinan-kitas.php

2. "Apa Itu KITAS, Jenis, Kegunaan, dan Dasar Hukumnya", www.cermati.com, Editor: Irene Radius Saretta, diakses pada tanggal 8 Oktober 2021, https://www.cermati.com/artikel/apa-itu-kitas-jenis-kegunaan-dan-dasar-hukumnya;

3. www.bisaberes.com., Op. Cit.;

4. www.bisaberes.com., Op. Cit.

How to Open a Police Report in Indonesia?

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By:

Team of Hukumindo

Previously, the Hukumindo.com platform has discussed about "First Legal Aid When a Foreigners Arrested By The Police", and on this valuable occasion will be discussed about 'How to Open a Police Report in Indonesia?'

As mentioned in the previous article, when you are abroad, one of the things that is different is the law where you live. And when you are abroad, bad luck can happen to anyone, including being a criminal actor because of your ignorance (or other reasons) or even being a victim of a crime committed by someone else against you. In this article, we will discuss, by law, the occasion when you become a victim of crime in Indonesia. More specifically, this article will discuss the legal remedies that a foreign citizen can take while in Indonesia to report a crime that has occurred to him/her at the relevant Police Office.

Various Examples of Criminal Acts

Crime can happen to anyone and anywhere. Indonesia is no exception, the victim can be anyone, including foreign nationals currently in Indonesia. This article is not meant to scare you, on the contrary, it intends to help you when you are in this country to get the right information when a crime happens to you. 

Some common crimes that may happen to you include theft, fraud and embezzlement.[1] Article 362 of the Criminal Code (KUHP) stipulates that "Anyone who takes an item, which wholly or partly belongs to another person, with the intention of possessing the item against the right, shall be punished for theft, with a maximum imprisonment of 5 years or a maximum fine of Rp. 900,-". 

Article 378 of the Criminal Code ("KUHP") regulates the crime of fraud as follows: "Anyone with the intention of unlawfully benefiting himself or another person by using a false name or false dignity (hoedaningheid); by deceit, or a series of lies, inducing another person to hand over something to him, or to give a debt or write off a debt, is threatened, for fraud, with a maximum imprisonment of four years". 

Article 372 of the Criminal Code ("KUHP") regulates the crime of embezzlement as follows: "Anyone who knowingly owns against the rights of an item which wholly or partly belongs to another person and the item is in his hands not because of a crime, shall be punished for embezzlement, with a maximum imprisonment of four years or a maximum fine of Rp. 900,-".

Many other crimes are regulated by different laws. Note that criminal acts regulated by each law in Indonesia are included in legal terms, so they must meet the elements contained therein. Of course this is not easy for most ordinary people. Discuss this topic with your legal advisor so that the Police Report that you are about to open leads to a clearer direction of the specific criminal term.

Governing Law on Police Reports

Article 1 Law Number: 8 of 1981 concerning Criminal Procedure Code ("KUHAP") provides a definition of the Report as follows: "Report is a notification submitted by a person who, because of his rights or obligations under the law, to an authorized official regarding, has or is currently or is suspected of having a criminal event." Those who have the right to submit reports are people who have experienced, seen, witnessed or become victims of events that constitute criminal acts, either orally or in writing. 

In relation to this article, then your position as a foreigner who is in Indonesia is as a victim of a crime committed by someone else against you. Procedural law (Law Number: 8 of 1981 concerning Criminal Procedure Code ("KUHAP")) in Indonesia protects you by providing you with the right to report a crime you have experienced to the relevant Police institution. Regarding how to open a Police report at the relevant Police Station, I suggest you continue reading this article to the end.

How to Open a Police Report ("LP") in Indonesia?

As a guide, here's how to open a criminal report according to the author's practical experience:

1. Come to the relevant Police Station;
2. Come to the Integrated Police Service Center (SPKT);
3. Tell the chronology of the crime that you experienced to the Police officers;
4. If the incident you experience is a criminal act, the Police officer will give you a report sign, if it is not a criminal act, the Police officer will not give you a report sign.

Complete your report with your self identity, witnesses and supporting evidence related to the crime you experienced. If you intend to send us an e-mail, please read this article first: "How To Report Online Scammer Or Fraud To The Police In Indonesia" you may need also to read "What's The Difference Between Police Report and Public Complaint?". And if you have any difficulties to open a Police Report in Indonesia, contact us, feel free in 24 hours, we will be glad to help you.

*) For further information please contact:

Mahmud Kusuma Advocate

Law Office

Jakarta - Indonesia.

E-mail: mahmudkusuma22@gmail.com

________________

References:

1. Criminal Code ("KUHP");

2. Law Number: 8 of 1981 concerning Criminal Procedure Code ("KUHAP");

First Legal Aid When a Foreigners Arrested By The Police

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By:

Team of Hukumindo

Previously, the Hukumindo.com platform has discussed the subject of "How To Married Indonesian Women Legally?", and on this valuable occasion will be discussed about First Legal Aid When a Foreigners Arrested By The Police.

Being Abroad

When you are abroad, you will be faced with very different conditions from when you are in your own country. Different factors such as language, geographical conditions, food, culture and even laws are some of the factors that you have to deal with. If the day is not on your side, then one of them can put you at a disadvantage. Good luck is keeping you away. 

We will take one factor that is different in each country, namely the law. The laws that apply in each country are basically different. In a certain country, certain goods are prohibited, while in other countries are legal. For example, regarding marijuana/Cannabis. Cannabis in certain countries such as the Netherlands, Canada, Colombia, Uruguay and Ecuador is not illegal. Meanwhile, in countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Russia and China, marijuana is illegal. Marijuana is still classified as a dangerous drug.[1]

Therefore, understanding the laws of the country where you are located is very important. When you violate the legal order in the country where you are located, as a consequence you will have to deal with law enforcement officials, especially the police institution. There are many other legal rules that you must obey when you are abroad, no different when you are in Indonesia. You must comply with applicable laws even if you do not know them. This is where it is important that you read this article to the end. In the event that you are out of luck, you still have valuable legal information to guide you through.

First Legal Aid When a Foreigners Arrested By The Police

The criminal justice process in Indonesia is actually a long and complicated one. At least for common people. In general criminal offenses, this starts from the investigation process at the Police institution to the final process at the Correctional institution. However, when you violate it, then like the law in general, you also have the right to defend yourself and get assistance from a lawyer. No different with Indonesia. 

Law Number: 8 of 1981 concerning Criminal Procedure Code, In particular, Article 54 stipulates that: "For the sake of defense, a suspect or defendant is entitled to legal assistance from one or more legal advisers during the time and at every level of examination, according to the procedure specified in this law". This article stipulates that you have the right to obtain a defense and appoint your legal counsel to do so, even more than one lawyer.

In addition, Article 55 of the same law stipulates that: "To obtain legal counsel as referred to in Article 54, the suspect or defendant has the right to choose his own legal advisor". This article provides that you have the right to appoint your own legal advisor. 

Still according to the Law Number: 8 of 1981 concerning Criminal Procedure Code, In particular, Article 57 paragraph (1) stipulates that: "A suspect or defendant who is subject to detention has the right to contact his legal adviser in accordance with the provisions of this law". Here it is regulated that you have the right to access legal counsel by contacting him/her. Contact your legal advisor as first aid when arrested by the Indonesia state Police.

Use Your Rights

Law Number: 8 of 1981 concerning Criminal Procedure Code has strictly regulated the rights of a person when detained in criminal proceedings in Indonesia. For example is set in Article 54, Article 55, and Article 57 paragraph (1) as above. This means, law enforcement in Indonesia is to guarantee protection for anyone who is detained while undergoing a criminal process. 

By using your right to defend yourself in front of the law, you have participated in upholding the law with dignity and respect for human rights. If you have difficulty dealing with Police institution in Indonesia, contact us, feel free in 24 hours, we will be glad to help you. 

*) For further information please contact:

Mahmud Kusuma Advocate

Law Office

Jakarta - Indonesia.

E-mail: mahmudkusuma22@gmail.com

________________

References:

1. "5 Negara yang Melegalkan Penggunaan Ganja bagi Warganya", www.kompas.com., Sekar Langit Nariswari, diakses pada tanggal 5 Oktober 2021, https://lifestyle.kompas.com/read/2021/04/21/151122920/5-negara-yang-melegalkan-penggunaan-ganja-bagi-warganya?page=all.

2. Law Number: 8 of 1981 concerning Criminal Procedure Code.

How To Married Indonesian Women Legally?

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By:

Team of Hukumindo

Previously, the Hukumindo.com platform has discussed about "Strategies for Filing Divorce Lawsuits for Foreigners And Migrant Workers", and on this occasion will be discussed about How To Married Indonesian Women Legally?

The Natural Beauty of Indonesian Women

Many facts about the world of Indonesian women that attract the attention of the world. For example, about the natural beauty of Indonesian women. The following are beautiful facts of Indonesian women that should make them proud to be Indonesian.[1]

Firstly, Indonesian women are polite. It is no secret that women from Indonesia are friendly and polite women. Even many foreigners who come to Indonesia will feel comfortable. The comfort that comes from the warm welcome of their smiles and manners. Secondly, Indonesian women are persistent and smart. Not only beautiful, Indonesian women are also known as smart and persistent figures. Now many Indonesian women are entering influential figures in the world. This proves that Indonesian women do not only rely on beauty.

Thirdly, Loving Local Culture. It's no secret that Indonesia has a lot of cool and incredibly unique local culture. The culture varies from every region in Indonesia. This culture must be preserved as part of maintaining cultural wisdom. This is where the role of Indonesian women is so important. Many Indonesian women have become ambassadors to maintain and introduce local culture. Not only in the country, but also in the world. They love the local culture with all their heart.

Fourthly, Indonesian women are independent. The beauty of Indonesian women is increasingly shines bright because they are independent figures. They are usually self-sufficient, committed, loyal and responsible. Therefore, Indonesian women are very good and even special in the world. Fifth, Indonesian Women Are Full of Care. Indonesian women are well-known for their easy to care for others. If there are friends or relatives who experience misfortune, they immediately step in to help. They feel that each other is a brother and should help each other.

Sixth, Sociable And Religious. Associating with women and Indonesian civilization will leave many memories. How come? Indonesian women's lives are filled with intimacy with one another. They are known to be sociable and easy to get along with anyone. One more thing that attracts Indonesian women's beauty so that it is recognized by the world is their religious figure. Indonesia is a religious country. So it's not surprising that the residents are devout adherents of a religion. 

Seventh, Have an Ideal Skin Tone. Generally, people from other countries are jealous of the skin color of Indonesian women. They consider the skin of Indonesian women ideal and natural 'exotic'. To get such skin, Caucasians are often willing to sunbathe for hours. However, it seems that most Indonesian women prefer to have white skin like Caucasians. Something ironic. In fact, as an Indonesian woman, we should be grateful to have the skin color that many Caucasians want. Maybe there are other personal characteristics that make you love Indonesian women? Please add it yourself.

Above have mentioned the qualities that make Indonesian women beautiful in the eyes of the world. However, if the author may have an opinion, some of the characteristics that are dominant regarding  the beauty of Indonesian women is because 'exotic', they are also love to smile, smart and caring. So will you marry her and live with her for the rest of your life? If your answer is yes, then you should read this article to the end.

How To Married Indonesian Women Legally?

This article has a legal assumption that the prospective groom is a foreign citizen, while the prospective bride is an Indonesian citizen, and will marry in Indonesia, this means that the law that will regulate is the marriage law in Indonesia. 

It should be noted first, a marriage in Indonesia is something sacred. This is in accordance with the provisions of Article 1 of Law Number: 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage which stipulates that marriage is an inner and outer bond between a man and a woman as husband and wife with the aim of forming a happy and eternal family (household) based on the One Godhead. This means, when marrying your Indonesian partner, do it sincerely and full of awareness.

Regarding marriage in Indonesia, it is regulated in Law Number: 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage. The most basic rule is in Article 2 of the Law, which reads: 

1. Marriage is legal if it is carried out according to the law of each religion and belief;
2. Each marriage is recorded according to the applicable laws and regulations.

Same Religion and Belief

From the sound of Article 2 paragraph 1 of Law Number: 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage above, it is regulated that the most basic requirements for a valid marriage in Indonesia are the same religion and belief. In addition, make sure that your marriage is registered by the competent state institution. These are the two basic rules of marriage in Indonesia, namely the same religion and belief as well as being registered by the competent state institution. Very easy isn't it?

There are five recognized religions in Indonesia, first is Islam as the majority religion, then there is Catholic & Protestant Christianity, Hinduism, Buddhism and finally Confucianism. This means, if you are a foreigner who wants to marry an Indonesian woman and the marriage is carried out according to Indonesian law, and your spouse is in a different religion, then one partner must follow the other's religion. The technical procedure for embracing a religion is regulated according to each religion. In Christianity, for example, baptism is performed. In Islam for example, taking bai'at/initiation.

Registered By The Competent State Institution

The obligation to register your marriage is regulated in Article 2 paragraph (2) of Law Number: 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage. By registering your marriage to the competent state institution, it means that the marriage that you do according to your religion and belief has been legally recognized. As a sign of state recognition of your marriage, then the state will issue a Marriage Certificate as authentic evidence. For Muslim couples, the Marriage Certificate or 'Buku Nikah' is issued by the Office of Religious Affairs. As for non-Muslim couples, the Marriage Certificate is issued by the local Civil Registry Office. 

Legally, the Marriage Certificate is proof of your marriage. This marriage certificate then becomes the legal basis for the consequences of marriage. For example, it is related to the matter of the child later. Or related to joint property generated during the marriage. Or related to the issue of inheritance for his/her descendants. Or even when you file for divorce in the court. 

In addition, what is no less important, if between you and your partner from different countries is a matter of citizenship. Whether later the nationality of the future husband, the citizenship of your wife, and the citizenship of your children. 

In addition to the basic provisions of marriage above, there are also separate rules for each religion and belief. And of course it will not be discussed on this occasion. If you have difficulty getting married in Indonesia, contact us, we will be happy to help you. 

*) For further information please contact:

Mahmud Kusuma Advocate

Law Office

Jakarta - Indonesia.

E-mail: mahmudkusuma22@gmail.com

________________

References:

1. "Kecantikan Wanita Indonesia yang Diakui Dunia", jengsusan.com., Diakses pada tanggal 3 Oktober 2021, https://jengsusan.com/kecantikan-wanita-indonesia-yang-diakui-dunia/

2. Law Number: 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage.