Bolivia is Struggling With a Risk of Defaulting On Its Foreign Debts

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Team of Hukumindo

Previously, the www.hukumindo.com platform has talk about "Step-by-Step Guide How to Set Up a Company in Indonesia as a Foreigner", "Legally, Islands in Indonesian Territory Cannot Be Bought or Sold", you may read also "Parking for Just a Few Hours Costs Millions" and on this occasion we will discuss about 'Bolivia is Struggling With a Risk of Defaulting On Its Foreign Debts'.

Bolivia is currently struggling with an economic crisis that is at risk of defaulting on its foreign debts. Adding to the social and economic unrest among the people. Bolivian President Luis Arce Catacora said the risk of defaulting on its debts would increase if the country did not immediately obtain new funding sources. "We are trying not to default. We have the intention to pay our debts, but what if we do not have the resources?" Arce said in an interview at his office in La Paz, Bolivia's capital. Bolivia's debt has reached US$13.3 billion or equivalent to IDR. 218.06 trillion (exchange rate of IDR. 16,396/US dollar). Most of this debt comes from the Inter-American Development Bank, the Latin American and Caribbean Development Bank (CAF), the World Bank, and China. According to the World Bank, the amount of debt that is burdening Bolivia represents more than 37% of its gross national income. The last time the country defaulted on its debts was 41 years ago in 1984.[1]

On the other hand, Arce admitted that the government did not get permission from parliament to seek new loans worth US$ 1.8 billion or IDR. 29.51 trillion from multilateral institutions. Meanwhile, according to him, the country needed US$ 2.6 billion or IDR. 42.62 trillion in December for fuel imports and foreign debt payments. "We made the worst deal as a country. Because when a country has foreign debt, you pay principal and interest to creditors, and that dollar outflow is compensated by the inflow of new disbursements from new debt, which is not happening," he said.[2]

It should be noted that Bolivia is home to 12 million people and the majority of the population is indigenous. They are one of the poorest countries on the continent despite having abundant natural resources such as gas and lithium. This condition began in 2023 when the state-owned oil and gas company, YPFB, said Bolivia was running out of natural gas due to a lack of investment in new exploration. Even though natural gas is the country's most important export product. The sharp drop in natural gas exports has caused foreign exchange reserves to plummet, leaving Bolivia unable to import enough of the heavily subsidized fuel for the domestic market. Inflation has continued to hit a record high of 18.4% year-on-year in May, the highest in nearly two decades, and the local currency, the Boliviano, has continued to lose value.[3] And if you have any legal issue in Indonesia territory, contact us for business inquiry, feel free in 24 hour, we will be glad to assist you. 

*) For further information please contact:

Mahmud Kusuma Advocate

Law Office

Jakarta - Indonesia.

E-mail: mahmudkusuma22@gmail.com

________________

References:

1. "Negara Ini Terlilit Utang Rp 218 T, Presidennya Bingung Mau Bayar Pakai Apa", finance.detik.com, Ignacio Geordi Oswaldo, 21 Jun 2025, Diakses pada tanggal 28 Juni 2025, Link: https://finance.detik.com/berita-ekonomi-bisnis/d-7975368/negara-ini-terlilit-utang-rp-218-t-presidennya-bingung-mau-bayar-pakai-apa.

2. Ibid.

3. Ibid.

Step-by-Step Guide How to Set Up a Company in Indonesia as a Foreigner

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By:

Team of Hukumindo

Previously, the www.hukumindo.com platform has talk about "Legally, Islands in Indonesian Territory Cannot Be Bought or Sold", "Parking for Just a Few Hours Costs Millions", you may read also "Malaysian Authorities Sue Telegram to the Court" and on this occasion we will discuss about 'Step-by-Step Guide How to Set Up a Company in Indonesia as a Foreigner'.

Indonesia has become an increasingly attractive destination for foreign investors due to its growing economy and large consumer base. If you're a foreigner looking to start a business in Indonesia, the most common legal entity is a PT. PMA (Perseroan Terbatas Penanaman Modal Asing), or Foreign-Owned Company.

Step-by-Step Guide:

1. Determine Your Business Sector

Some sectors are open 100% to foreign ownership, while others are restricted or require partnerships with locals. Always refer to the Negative Investment List (DNI) or the updated Positive Investment List to check the rules for your industry.

2. Choose a Legal Entity: PT. PMA

A PT PMA allows foreign investors to legally conduct business and generate revenue in Indonesia. It can be 100% foreign-owned, depending on the sector.

3. Meet Minimum Investment Requirements

-Minimum total investment: USD 700,000 (approx. IDR 10 billion)

-Minimum paid-up capital: USD 175,000 (approx. IDR 2.5 billion)

Proof of capital must be shown through a statement letter or capital injection.

4. Company Setup Process

-Reserve a company name

-Prepare the Deed of Establishment via a local notary

-Obtain approval from the Ministry of Law and Human Rights

-Obtain a Tax Identification Number (NPWP) and register with the tax office

-Apply for a Business Identification Number (NIB) through the OSS system

-Secure additional licenses depending on your business field

5. Open a Corporate Bank Account

Once your company is registered, you can open a bank account in Indonesia to operate financially.

6. Hire Staff and Start Operating

You can hire local or foreign employees, but foreign hires may require a work permit (KITAS).

Note: The process usually takes 4–8 weeks, depending on the complexity and your business type. It’s highly recommended to consult a local legal or business consultant to ensure compliance and smooth processing. And if you have any legal issue in Indonesia territory, contact us for business inquiry, feel free in 24 hour, we will be glad to assist you. 

*) For further information please contact:

Mahmud Kusuma Advocate

Law Office

Jakarta - Indonesia.

E-mail: mahmudkusuma22@gmail.com

Legally, Islands in Indonesian Territory Cannot Be Bought or Sold

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By:

Team of Hukumindo

Previously, the www.hukumindo.com platform has talk about "Parking for Just a Few Hours Costs Millions", "Malaysian Authorities Sue Telegram to the Court", you may read also "This is the Main Cause of Thuggery in Indonesia" and on this occasion we will discuss about 'Legally, Islands in Indonesian Territory Cannot Be Bought or Sold'.

As many as 4 beautiful islands in the Anambas Islands are being offered to prospective buyers on an online site. Here are the facts related to the sale of the islands. Small islands in Indonesia are suspected of being traded on foreign sites. The four islands being sold in Anambas Regency, Riau Islands (Kepri) are Ritan Island, Tokongsendok Island, Mala Island, and Nakok Island. The islands in Anambas are being offered through a site called Private Islands Inc which is based at 80 Simcoe Street, Suite 102A Collingwood, Ontario L9Y 1H8, Canada. The site offers islands in various parts of the world for sale or rent. In Indonesia, there are five islands being offered. One of them is a pair of islands in Anambas Regency. The site also describes the beauty of the islands in the Anambas Islands which are beautiful and pristine so that they have the potential to be developed into a high-class ecotourism resort. Moreover, its location is only about 200 nautical miles from Singapore. The first island for sale has an area of ​​about 141 hectares, with lush tropical greenery and is equipped with a lagoon and natural beach. Meanwhile, the second island for sale is smaller, only 18 hectares.[1]

Meanwhile, the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries denied this. Special Staff of the Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries for Public Relations and Public Communication, Doni Ismanto Darwin emphasized that the four islands are not for sale. "I emphasize that these four islands are not for sale because these four islands are the sovereign territory of Indonesia," said Doni in a post on the Instagram account @kkpgoid. Doni explained that the four islands are included in the Anambas Islands conservation area. Based on the Regional Regulation of the Anambas Islands Regency Number 3 of 2003 concerning the Spatial Planning Plan for the Anambas Islands Regency for 2023 to 2043, the allocation of space for these four islands is a tourism area. "Here it is necessary to clarify that there are no regulations in Indonesia that allow the sale of islands. The government provides full protection to small islands, especially because they are related to state sovereignty," explained Doni.[2] And if you have any legal issue in Indonesia territory, contact us for business inquiry, feel free in 24 hour, we will be glad to assist you. 

*) For further information please contact:

Mahmud Kusuma Advocate

Law Office

Jakarta - Indonesia.

E-mail: mahmudkusuma22@gmail.com

________________

References:

1. "Fakta-fakta 4 Pulau Cantik di Anambas yang Dijual di Situs Online", travel.detik.com, Retno Ayuningrum, 20 Jun 2025, Link: https://travel.detik.com/travel-news/d-7974355/fakta-fakta-4-pulau-cantik-di-anambas-yang-dijual-di-situs-online.

2. Ibid.

Parking for Just a Few Hours Costs Millions

  

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By:

Team of Hukumindo

Previously, the www.hukumindo.com platform has talk about "Malaysian Authorities Take Telegram to the Court", "This is the Main Cause of Thuggery in Indonesia", you may read also "Got Scammed After Helping Someone In Need" and on this occasion we will discuss about 'Parking for Just a Few Hours Costs Millions'.

A mother in England paid a parking fee of 4,586 pounds or around IDR. 101 million after parking her car for two hours. The mother named Yaditi Kava (39) said that she initially took her two daughters shopping at the Queensmere Observatory Shopping Center in Slough, England. After shopping, she decided to have dinner before going home. After dinner, she headed to the parking lot to drive her car and go home. When she was about to leave, the area with the parking payment machine was closed, so she decided to pay at the exit. "I tapped my card, then a message appeared saying that I needed to enter my PIN," said Kava. She then typed her PIN number into the exit barrier machine without realizing the amount of the parking fee. [1]

"I was in a hurry, my daughters were getting tired, and I didn't see the numbers on the little card machine. The big screen showed 4.5, so I thought it was £4.50," Kava said. The barrier then lifted, and she immediately received a notification message from her bank. "To my surprise, I saw that the parking fee was not £4.50, but £4,586," she recalled. Kava had to wait until Monday to speak to a manager. When she had the chance to complain, the manager replied that the parking machine was broken.[2]

"He made a receipt on May 19 and assured me that I would see the money in my account within 2-3 business days," Kava said. But three weeks later, Kava has not received the refund in his account. He added that the full funds were transferred to his account on Saturday, June 7. The Queensmere shopping centre's management company, Savills, said it regretted the incident and was investigating the system to prevent future problems.[3] And if you have any legal issue in Indonesia territory, contact us for business inquiry, feel free in 24 hour, we will be glad to assist you. 

*) For further information please contact:

Mahmud Kusuma Advocate

Law Office

Jakarta - Indonesia.

E-mail: mahmudkusuma22@gmail.com

________________

References:

1. "Parkir 2 Jam, Ibu Ini Kaget Bayar Rp 101 Juta", www.kompas.com, Danur Lambang Pristiandaru, 21/06/2025, Diakses pada tanggal 24 Juni 2025, Link: https://www.kompas.com/global/read/2025/06/21/123100070/parkir-2-jam-ibu-ini-kaget-bayar-rp-101-juta?page=1.

2. Ibid.

3. Ibid.

Malaysian Authorities Sue Telegram to the Court

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By:

Team of Hukumindo

Previously, the www.hukumindo.com platform has talk about "This is the Main Cause of Thuggery in Indonesia", "Got Scammed After Helping Someone In Need", you may read also "Four Islands That Were Part of the Polemic Officially Become Aceh Region" and on this occasion we will discuss about 'Malaysian Authorities Sue Telegram to the Court'.

Malaysian authorities have taken Telegram to the court over the spread of illegal contentions, and Multimedia Commission has issued a temporary order to stop the spread of content on Telegram and two channels on the platform. The two channels in question are "Edisi Siasat" and "Edisi Khas". "The content on the two channels has the potential to damage public trust in national institutions and disrupt social harmony," the commission explained.[1]

Meanwhile, the commission said Telegram would be given the opportunity to defend itself regarding this matter. "Telegram was given a fair opportunity to present its defense in accordance with the principles of justice and fundamental rights," the Communications and Multimedia Commission explained in its statement. Malaysia has implemented new social media rules in January 2025. Under the rules, social media and messaging services, including Telegram, with more than 8 million users in Malaysia are required to obtain a license. Failure to do so will threaten legal action for digital platforms.[2] And if you have any legal issue in Indonesia territory, contact us for business inquiry, feel free in 24 hour, we will be glad to assist you. 

*) For further information please contact:

Mahmud Kusuma Advocate

Law Office

Jakarta - Indonesia.

E-mail: mahmudkusuma22@gmail.com

________________

References:

1. "Malaysia Ngamuk, Raksasa Teknologi Dibawa ke Meja Hijau", www.cnbcindonesia.com, Novina Putri Bestari, 19 Juni 2025, Diakses pada tanggal 21 Juni 2025, Link: https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/tech/20250619151234-37-642331/malaysia-ngamuk-raksasa-teknologi-dibawa-ke-meja-hijau

2. Ibid.

This is the Main Cause of Thuggery in Indonesia

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By:

Team of Hukumindo

Previously, the www.hukumindo.com platform has talk about "Got Scammed After Helping Someone In Need", you may read also "Four Islands That Were Part of the Polemic Officially Become Aceh Region" and on this occasion we will discuss about 'This is the Main Cause of Thuggery in Indonesia'.

Thuggery is a scourge for Indonesian society. Not only for citizens, but also for business people. In Indonesia, thuggery is not a new thing. This phenomenon has been going on for a long time. The 10th and 12th Vice President, Jusuf Kalla, assessed that thuggery is not only about crime. But it also reflects the current economic conditions. "But the big reason is the economy, they don't work. Imagine if they worked, where would they go to extort people in the market?" he said.[1]

According to him, Indonesia's economic slowdown has caused a negative cycle. Starting from a decrease in purchasing power which causes reduced production and causes a wave of layoffs. "Purchasing power has decreased, because there are many layoffs, trade is not good, people don't go to restaurants, people don't shop, people don't buy cars. There has been a decrease in purchasing power, ability. Many children cannot pay their tuition fees, because their parents may have been laid off, the effects are widespread," he said. JK assessed that eradicating thuggery is not enough just by enforcing the law. However, economic conditions must also be improved so that people get income from decent jobs. "So we have to overcome both. Economic improvement, make the nation effective. Then of course, the crime problem must be overcome," he said.[2] And if you have any legal issue in Indonesia territory, contact us for business inquiry, feel free in 24 hour, we will be glad to assist you. 

*) For further information please contact:

Mahmud Kusuma Advocate

Law Office

Jakarta - Indonesia.

E-mail: mahmudkusuma22@gmail.com

________________

References:

1. "JK Ungkap Biang Kerok Banyak Preman di Indonesia", www.cnbcindonesia.com, Zahwa Madjid, 26 May 2025, Diakses pada tanggal 20 Juni 2025, Link: https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20250526184355-4-636418/jk-ungkap-biang-kerok-banyak-preman-di-indonesia

2. Ibid.

Got Scammed After Helping Someone In Need

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By:

Team of Hukumindo

Previously, the www.hukumindo.com platform has talk about "Four Islands That Were Part of the Polemic Officially Become Aceh Region", "The Story of the Marriage of an British Woman and a Masai Warrior", you may read also "North Sumatra Quarantine Law Enforcers to Uncover an Illegal Trade Network" and on this occasion we will discuss about 'Got Scammed After Helping Someone In Need'.

With the intention of helping others by buying milk for their babies, this man was actually tricked. The milk he gave was sold to another shop at a cheap price. A man in Malaysia shared how he was tricked after thinking that he had helped someone in need. Through a Facebook post, a man named Derrick Cheong Shun Lin shared that at that time he was approached by a strange man in Taman Daya, Johor Bahru. The strange man asked him if he could help buy necessities for his 2-day-old baby. "I never thought I would experience something like this. Yesterday morning, after breakfast, I was getting ready to get into the car to go to work," he wrote in the Facebook post. "A strange man came to me and told me that his baby was only 2 days old. He needed some things, such as milk, milk bottles, and diapers," he continued. Derrick did not feel suspicious, because the man did not ask for money but directly the items he needed. The man said that he had bought diapers. Therefore, Derrick bought milk and several milk bottles. To convince Derrick, the man even showed him his baby. "I saw that it was hot, so of course I said it was unnecessary. I initially believed him because he asked for milk, not money," Derrick said.[1]

After being given milk and a bottle of milk, the man was overjoyed and thanked him repeatedly. Derrick was also happy because he could help someone in trouble. However, he later found out that the man was suspected of committing fraud. His wife found someone's post that went viral about the man's fraudulent scheme. The post explained how the same man allegedly tricked people into buying milk for him, then resold the milk to other stores. "It turned out that he did have a scheme, he had done the same thing repeatedly. He would take the items that were bought, such as milk, and then sell it cheaper to other stores," said Derrick. Derrick finally shared his experience on Facebook to warn others to be more wary of strangers who suddenly ask for help.[2] And if you have any legal issue in Indonesia territory, contact us for business inquiry, feel free in 24 hour, we will be glad to assist you. 

*) For further information please contact:

Mahmud Kusuma Advocate

Law Office

Jakarta - Indonesia.

E-mail: mahmudkusuma22@gmail.com

________________

References:

1. "Kena Tipu, Pria Belikan Susu Bayi untuk Pria Asing Ternyata Dijual Lagi", www.detik.com., Riska Fitria, 18 Jun 2025, Diakses pada tanggal 19 Juni 2025, Link: https://food.detik.com/info-kuliner/d-7970663/kena-tipu-pria-belikan-susu-bayi-untuk-pria-asing-ternyata-dijual-lagi.

2. Ibid.

Four Islands That Were Part of the Polemic Officially Become Aceh Region

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By:

Team of Hukumindo

Previously, the www.hukumindo.com platform has talk about "The Story of the Marriage of an British Woman and a Masai Warrior", "North Sumatra Quarantine Law Enforcers to Uncover an Illegal Trade Network", you may read also "Prabowo Subianto Raises Salaries of Indonesian Judges" and on this occasion we will discuss about 'Four Islands That Were Part of the Polemic Officially Become Aceh Region'.

The government has decided on the dispute over 4 islands fought over by the North Sumatra (Sumut) and Aceh Provincial Governments. President Prabowo Subianto has decided that the 4 islands legally belong to the Aceh Provincial Government. This was conveyed at a press conference by State Secretary Prasetyo Hadi at the President's office, Jakarta (6/17/2025). Also present were Deputy Speaker of the DPR Sufmi Dasco Ahmad, Minister of Home Affairs Tito Karnavian, Governor of North Sumatra Bobby Nasution, and Governor of Aceh Muzakir Manaf Mualem. Prasetyo said that his party had held a limited meeting on Tuesday, discussing the polemic dispute over 4 islands, namely Panjang Island, Lipan Island, Mangkir Gadang Island, and Mangkir Ketek Island.[1]

"Based on the report from the Ministry of Internal Affairs, based on supporting data documents, then earlier the President decided that the government based on the basic documents owned by the government has made a decision that the four islands, namely Panjang Island, Lipan Island, then Mangkir Gadang Island, and Mangkir Ketek Island, administratively based on the documents owned by the government are included in the administrative area of ​​Aceh," Prasetyo said. The four islands that were fought over became a polemic because they were said to be in the North Sumatra region based on the decision of the Ministry of Home Affairs. In fact, the four islands were originally part of the Aceh region.[2] And if you have any legal issue in Indonesia territory, contact us for business inquiry, feel free in 24 hour, we will be glad to assist you. 

*) For further information please contact:

Mahmud Kusuma Advocate

Law Office

Jakarta - Indonesia.

E-mail: mahmudkusuma22@gmail.com

________________

References:

1. "Prabowo Putuskan 4 Pulau Sah Milik Aceh", www.detik.com., Eva Safitri, 17 Jun 2025, Diakses pada tanggal 18 Juni 2025, Link: https://news.detik.com/berita/d-7968519/prabowo-putuskan-4-pulau-sah-milik-aceh.

2. Ibid.

The Story of the Marriage of an British Woman and a Masai Warrior

  

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By:

Team of Hukumindo

Previously, the www.hukumindo.com platform has talk about "North Sumatra Quarantine Law Enforcers to Uncover an Illegal Trade Network", "Jeff Bezos Remarries, Sophisticated Marriage Agreement Prepared", you may read also "Prabowo Subianto Raises Salaries of Indonesian Judges" and on this occasion we will discuss about 'The Story of the Marriage of an British Woman and a Masai Warrior'.

A British woman divorced her second husband and left her three children for a Masai warrior she had just met in Kenya. Decades later, Cheryl Thomasgood has expressed regret over a love affair she now considers a big mistake. Cheryl first met Daniel Lekimencho, a Masai warrior from Kenya, while on holiday at the Bamburi Beach Hotel in Mombasa. At the time, 34-year-old Cheryl was captivated by the tall, charismatic and exotic Daniel—who performed in cultural shows for tourists.[1]

After a few years, Cheryl and Daniel returned to England and married on Valentine's Day 1995, wearing traditional Masai dress. They had a daughter, Mitsi, who is now 27. However, their marriage only lasted four years. Now 65 and living quietly in Somerset, England, Cheryl has finally spoken out. In an emotional interview, she revealed that her relationship with Daniel was filled with regret. She said that after returning to England, Daniel changed drastically. He became obsessed with money, luxury goods and the middle-class life. The man she once knew as a spiritual figure became angry and materialistic. Cheryl said she often fought with Daniel, and realized that the cultural differences and the pressure to prove their love had backfired. "We used to talk about Masai culture and a simple spiritual life. But when he came to England, he changed. He wanted a bigger house, designer clothes and money to send to his family in Kenya," she recalled.[2]

Cheryl also revealed that her dark past--childhood trauma, sexual abuse, and growing up in a dysfunctional family--made her vulnerable. She was at her lowest point when she decided to go to Kenya, hoping to find peace through a spiritual connection with Daniel. But in the end, she realized that the relationship was just an escape from reality, not a solution. Cheryl's biggest regret is the impact of the relationship on her children. Now, Cheryl maintains a good relationship with her four children Steve (43), Tommy (41), Chloe (34), and Mitsi (27). She calls Mitsi the best thing that came out of her strange and challenging marriage. Cheryl has closed the chapter on her past and is living a new, peaceful life. She has no intention of remarrying. Meanwhile, Daniel is known to still live on the Isle of Wight and now works at a supermarket.[3] And if you have any legal issue in Indonesia territory, contact us for business inquiry, feel free in 24 hour, we will be glad to assist you. 

*) For further information please contact:

Mahmud Kusuma Advocate

Law Office

Jakarta - Indonesia.

E-mail: mahmudkusuma22@gmail.com

________________

References:

1. "Tinggalkan Suami dan 3 Anak Demi Prajurit dari Kenya, Wanita Ini Menyesal", www.wolipop.detik.com., Kiki Oktaviani, 16 Jun 2025, Diakses pada tanggal 17 Juni 2025, Link: https://wolipop.detik.com/wedding-news/d-7966140/tinggalkan-suami-dan-3-anak-demi-prajurit-dari-kenya-wanita-ini-menyesal#goog_rewarded

2. Ibid.

3. Ibid.

North Sumatra Quarantine Law Enforcers to Uncover an Illegal Trade Network

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By:

Team of Hukumindo

Previously, the www.hukumindo.com platform has talk about "Jeff Bezos Remarries, Sophisticated Marriage Agreement Prepared", "Prabowo Subianto Raises Salaries of Indonesian Judges", you may read also "The Story of Nathan Cohen, A Man Without Country" and on this occasion we will discuss about 'North Sumatra Quarantine Law Enforcers to Uncover an Illegal Trade Network'.

North Sumatra Quarantine Law Enforcers are working with the International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol) to uncover an illegal trade network of butterflies, centipedes, and spiders that will be sent to Hanoi, Vietnam. This cooperation was carried out after the North Sumatra Animal, Fish, and Plant Quarantine Center together with Customs foiled a smuggling attempt and arrested the owner of the wild animals at Kualanamu International Airport.[1]

The perpetrator is currently being investigated further, including tracing the international network involved. The thwarting of this smuggling shows that this illegal act was not the first time carried out by the perpetrator with the initials ASM. The Head of BBKHIT North Sumatra, Prayatno Ginting explained that the perpetrator had carried out similar actions since 2024 with the same destination, namely Hanoi, Vietnam. The joint team found 6,527 preserved butterflies, 20 live centipedes, and 200 live spiders hidden in suitcases. The economic value is estimated to reach IDR 299,770,000, with required documents such as a Health Certificate (HC) and SAT-LN (Transportation Letter for Plants and Wild Animals Abroad).[2]

Based on Article 34 paragraph (1) and paragraph (2) of Law Number 21 of 2019 concerning Animal, Fish, and Plant Quarantine, every export of carrier media (animals) from Indonesian territory must be accompanied by a health certificate and other documents. Until now, ASM has not been named a suspect, because the examination and investigation are still ongoing by the North Sumatra Quarantine law enforcement team. Prayatno emphasized that his party is committed to increasing supervision and law enforcement against violations, including smuggling and trade in wild animals.[3] And if you have any legal issue in Indonesia territory, contact us for business inquiry, feel free in 24 hour, we will be glad to assist you. 

*) For further information please contact:

Mahmud Kusuma Advocate

Law Office

Jakarta - Indonesia.

E-mail: mahmudkusuma22@gmail.com

________________

References:

1. "Gagalkan Penyelundupan Kupu-kupu ke Vietnam, Karantina Sumut Libatkan Interpol", www.kompas.com., Cristison Sondang Pane & Reni Susanti, 13/06/2025, Diakses pada tanggal 15 Juni 2025, Link: https://medan.kompas.com/read/2025/06/13/221836578/gagalkan-penyelundupan-kupu-kupu-ke-vietnam-karantina-sumut-libatkan-interpol.

2. Ibid.

3. Ibid.

Jeff Bezos Remarries, Sophisticated Marriage Agreement Prepared

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Team of Hukumindo

Previously, the www.hukumindo.com platform has talk about "Prabowo Subianto Raises Salaries of Indonesian Judges", "The Story of Nathan Cohen, A Man Without Country", you may read also "Trump Has Ban For Foreign Students Visa, Especially Who Wants to Studies at Harvard" and on this occasion we will discuss about 'Jeff Bezos Remarries, Sophisticated Marriage Agreement Prepared'.

Jeff Bezos and Lauren Sanchez are set to get married soon. The two reportedly created a prenuptial agreement to ease any legal challenges. According to California attorney Alphonse Provinziano, the prenup is one of the most complex agreements he has ever seen. It is on par with a major business merger and is designed to withstand any legal scrutiny. Provinziano explained that Bezos' prenup is not just about protecting wealth but also about ensuring legal force. The attorney, who has handled many high-profile celebrity cases, noted that Bezos did not hesitate to spend a lot of money in drafting a legally valid agreement. "This is not a regular prenup, this is an agreement that is designed to withstand any legal challenges," he said.[1]

That level of preparation requires a lot of work, including full financial transparency. For someone like Bezos, who is deeply involved in complex accounting structures and high-profile business deals, the documentation is rigorous. Provinziano explains that everything had to be disclosed, so that Sanchez would not be able to claim any hidden assets if the marriage were to fail. For Bezos, financial protection is paramount. Provinziano says the prenup includes detailed documentation of his global business interests, stock holdings and any potential liabilities. This ensures that if a dispute does arise down the road, there is little room for legal gray areas. By being proactive, Bezos is not only protecting his empire but also minimizing the risk of a protracted court battle, which is often the cause of failed marriages involving multiple significant others.[2] And if you have any legal issue in Indonesia territory, contact us for business inquiry, feel free in 24 hour, we will be glad to assist you. 

*) For further information please contact:

Mahmud Kusuma Advocate

Law Office

Jakarta - Indonesia.

E-mail: mahmudkusuma22@gmail.com

________________

References:

1. "Mau Nikah, Manusia Rp 3.500 Triliun Buat Perjanjian Pranikah", www.detik.com., Aisyah Kamaliah, 14 Juni 2025, Diakses pada tanggal 14 Juni 2025, Link: https://inet.detik.com/cyberlife/d-7962007/mau-nikah-manusia-rp-3-500-triliun-buat-perjanjian-pranikah.

2. Ibid.

Prabowo Subianto Raises Salaries of Indonesian Judges

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Team of Hukumindo

Previously, the www.hukumindo.com platform has talk about "The Story of Nathan Cohen, A Man Without Country", "Trump Has Ban For Foreign Students Visa, Especially Who Wants to Studies at Harvard", you may read also "Indonesian citizens Arrested in KSA Regarding Fake Hajj" and on this occasion we will discuss about 'Prabowo Subianto Raises Salaries of Indonesian Judges'.

The President of the Republic of Indonesia, Prabowo Subianto, announced an increase in judges' salaries. According to Prabowo, this increase is to realize the welfare of judges. Prabowo announced this during his speech at the inauguration of 1,451 judges at the Supreme Court (MA) building, Central Jakarta. "I, Prabowo Subianto, the 8th President of the Republic of Indonesia, today announce that judges' salaries will be increased for the welfare of judges," said Prabowo, Thursday (12/6/2025). Prabowo said that the increase in judges' salaries varies. The highest is the most junior group with an increase of 280%.[1]

Prabowo emphasized that all judges' salaries will increase significantly. Prabowo will oversee the salary increase. "But all judges will increase significantly, and I will continue to monitor it," he said. As for other employees, Prabowo asked for patience. He knows the financial data that will be able to increase the salaries of other employees. "And all other employees be patient, I have seen the numbers, our country is strong, prosperous, rich, what is important is that we must maintain that wealth, we must manage it as much as possible for the benefit of all Indonesian people," he said.[2] And if you have any legal issue in Indonesia territory, contact us for business inquiry, feel free in 24 hour, we will be glad to assist you. 

*) For further information please contact:

Mahmud Kusuma Advocate

Law Office

Jakarta - Indonesia.

E-mail: mahmudkusuma22@gmail.com

________________

References:

1. "Prabowo Umumkan Kenaikan Gaji Hakim, Golongan Paling Junior Naik 280%", www.detik.com., Eva Safitri, 12 Jun 2025, Dikases pada tanggal 13 Juni 2025, Link: https://news.detik.com/berita/d-7960459/prabowo-umumkan-kenaikan-gaji-hakim-golongan-paling-junior-naik-280.

2. Ibid.

The Story of Nathan Cohen, A Man Without Country

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By:

Team of Hukumindo

Previously, the www.hukumindo.com platform has talk about "Trump Has Ban For Foreign Students Visa, Especially Who Wants to Studies at Harvard", "Indonesian citizens Arrested in KSA Regarding Fake Hajj", you may read also "Three Chinese Tourists Arrested for Carrying Hermit Crabs" and on this occasion we will discuss about 'The Story of Nathan Cohen, A Man Without Country'.

Nathan Cohen, nicknamed “the man without a country,” was a wanderer who wandered from country to country and was rejected everywhere. He eventually died alone in Westport, Connecticut, United States (US), in 1916, at the age of 37. Cohen’s story was largely forgotten until 2019, when Lori Gandini, a registrar at the Westport Civil Registry Office, stumbled upon his death certificate while reorganizing old documents. It stated that Cohen was “a man without a country.” Her discovery prompted an investigation by historians from the Westport Museum for History and Culture, who uncovered Cohen’s complicated life story—one of betrayal, deportation, and rejection. The beginning of the journey: From Russia to America. Cohen was born in 1878 in the small town of Bausk, Russia (now Latvia), which was home to a Jewish community before the Russian Revolution of 1905.[1]

He had lived in Brazil, then moved to the US in May 1912 with 5,000 US $ (around IDR. 81 million) and the hope of starting a new life. At that time, Cohen bought a ship ticket for 45 US $ (now IDR. 731,070) from Rio de Janeiro to New York. Upon arriving in the US, Cohen headed to Virginia to open a small shop with relatives. However, bad luck befell him. His business went bankrupt, his wife was taken away by his own best friend, and he became poor and suffered from mental disorders. Declared insane and deported In 1914, Virginia authorities deemed Cohen “insane” and sent him to a mental hospital in Baltimore. Not wanting to bear the cost of treatment, they handed him over to the Immigration Service in New York. With the pretext that Cohen was “insane” from the start of entering the US, the government decided to deport him to Brazil under the Alien Act of 1798, which allowed the deportation of foreigners who were a burden to the state within the first three years of their arrival.[2]

However, the deportation attempt failed. Brazil rejected Cohen because he was not their citizen. Argentina was also reluctant to accept him. In fact, the US itself would not allow him back in. Within a year, Cohen was “adrift” at sea twice, going back and forth between countries that all closed their doors. Allowed to return to the US On April 18, 1915, hours before the ship took him to Brazil for the fourth time, the acting US Secretary of Labor, John B. Densmore, finally allowed Cohen to re-enter the US. This decision was made thanks to the intervention of retired judge Leon Sanders and the Jewish organization, the Hebrew Sheltering and Guardian Society, which stated that Cohen's mental disorder only emerged after living in the US, not before. They guaranteed Cohen's existence with a $500 bail (around IDR. 8 million) so that he would not become a burden on the state. Cohen was then treated at Ellis Island Hospital, and was transferred to the McFarland Sanatorium in Green's Farms, where he breathed his last on March 3, 1916. His funeral was handled by the Hebrew Free Society in Staten Island, New York. Now, thanks to an accidental discovery and the dedication of historians, Cohen's story is no longer buried.[3] And if you have any legal issue in Indonesia territory, contact us for business inquiry, feel free in 24 hour, we will be glad to assist you. 

*) For further information please contact:

Mahmud Kusuma Advocate

Law Office

Jakarta - Indonesia.

E-mail: mahmudkusuma22@gmail.com

________________

References:

1. "Misteri Nathan Cohen, Pria Tanpa Negara yang Baru Terungkap Usai 103 Tahun", www.kompas.com, Inas Rifqia Lainufar, 24/05/2025, Diakses pada tanggal 10 Juni 2025, Link: https://www.kompas.com/global/read/2025/05/24/090000270/misteri-nathan-cohen-pria-tanpa-negara-yang-baru-terungkap-usai-103-tahun?page=all#page3.

2. Ibid.

Trump Has Ban For Foreign Students Visa, Especially Who Wants to Studies at Harvard

  

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By:

Team of Hukumindo

Previously, the www.hukumindo.com platform has talk about "Indonesian citizens Arrested in KSA Regarding Fake Hajj", "Three Chinese Tourists Arrested for Carrying Hermit Crabs", you may read also "Citadel Pacific Limited And Sefas Group Have Acquired Shell Gas Stations In Indonesia" and on this occasion we will discuss about 'Trump Has Ban For Foreign Students Visa, Especially Who Wants to Studies at Harvard'.

US President Donald Trump has announced a visa ban for foreign students who are about to begin their studies at Harvard University. This is the latest aggressive move by Trump to pressure one of the world's best universities and leaves the fate of hundreds of foreign students in limbo. "I have determined that it is necessary to restrict the entry of foreign nationals who seek to enter the United States solely or primarily to pursue a program of study at Harvard University or a program of student exchange operated by Harvard University," Trump said in a statement on Wednesday (4/6) evening local time. In his statement, Trump said the decision is effective immediately and "will apply to any foreign national who enters or attempts to enter the United States to begin their studies at Harvard University" through the Student and Exchange Visitor Program. He also added that international students who are currently studying at Harvard on various types of visas will face further review and risk having their visas revoked.[1]

The move, Trump said, was necessary to protect "national security". "In my judgment, it is a grave national security risk for an academic institution to refuse to provide adequate information when requested, especially regarding alleged misconduct or crimes committed by its foreign students," Trump said. He also accused "Harvard and its affiliated organizations on campus of continuing to deny equal opportunity to hard-working Americans." "It is not in the interests of the United States for Harvard to further its discrimination against any race, national origin, ancestry, or religion that it does not like by limiting the opportunities available to American students because of the large number of foreign students," Trump's statement read. The ban appears to apply only to Harvard University. However, the Trump administration is still targeting blatant restrictions on foreign students from studying in the US. Currently, the US has restricted or even stopped accepting foreign student visas.[2] And if you have any legal issue in Indonesia territory, contact us for business inquiry, feel free in 24 hour, we will be glad to assist you. 

*) For further information please contact:

Mahmud Kusuma Advocate

Law Office

Jakarta - Indonesia.

E-mail: mahmudkusuma22@gmail.com

________________

References:

1. "Trump Resmi Tolak Visa Calon Mahasiswa Asing di Harvard", www.cnnindonesia.com, 05 Jun 2025, diakses pada tanggal 9 Juni 2025, Link: https://www.cnnindonesia.com/internasional/20250605085709-134-1236707/trump-resmi-tolak-visa-calon-mahasiswa-asing-di-harvard.

2. Ibid.

Indonesian citizens Arrested in KSA Regarding Fake Hajj

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By:

Team of Hukumindo

Previously, the www.hukumindo.com platform has talk about "Three Chinese Tourists Arrested for Carrying Hermit Crabs", you may read also "Citadel Pacific Limited And Sefas Group Have Acquired Shell Gas Stations In Indonesia" and on this occasion we will discuss about 'Indonesian citizens Arrested in KSA Regarding Fake Hajj'.

Four Indonesian citizens (WNI) were arrested by Saudi Arabian police in Medina in connection with a hajj fraud. The Consul General of the Republic of Indonesia in Jeddah, Yusron B. Ambary, said that news has spread in Saudi Arabia that the four Indonesian citizens who were arrested were offering fake hajj services. They claimed to provide the slaughter of sacrificial animals for hajj (hadyu) in exchange for money.[1]

Now, the four Indonesian citizens have been prosecuted. The case has also been referred to the Public Prosecutor's Office. The Saudi police warned against spreading false advertisements on social media. Do not offer hajj services such as providing hadyu, selling hajj bracelets, and transportation in the Holy Land. Such actions are often carried out by individuals and illegal businesses.[2] And if you have any legal issue in Indonesia territory, contact us for business inquiry, feel free in 24 hour, we will be glad to assist you. 

*) For further information please contact:

Mahmud Kusuma Advocate

Law Office

Jakarta - Indonesia.

E-mail: mahmudkusuma22@gmail.com

________________

References:

1. "4 WNI Ditangkap di Madinah Karena Penipuan Haji, Ini Identitasnya", www.detik.com., Hanif Hawari, 17 Mei 2025, Diakses pada tanggal 5 Juni 2025, Link: https://www.detik.com/hikmah/haji-dan-umrah/d-7918676/4-wni-ditangkap-di-madinah-karena-penipuan-haji-ini-identitasnya.

2. Ibid.

Three Chinese Tourists Arrested for Carrying Hermit Crabs

 

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By:

Team of Hukumindo

Previously, the www.hukumindo.com platform has talk about "Citadel Pacific Limited And Sefas Group Have Acquired Shell Gas Stations In Indonesia", "How To Report Online Scammer Or Fraud To The Police In Indonesia", "The Stolen Jim Morrison Statue Has Returned", you may read also "Femicide Murder Case Occurred in Pandeglang Banten in 2023" and on this occasion we will discuss about 'Three Chinese Tourists Arrested for Carrying Hermit Crabs'.

Japanese police arrested three Chinese tourists after finding thousands of protected hermit crabs. Their actions were detected because of the noise inside the suitcases they were carrying. The three Chinese tourists were arrested by police in the Amami Islands, near Okinawa on May 7. The suspects were named Liao Zhibin (24), Song Zhenhao (26), and Guo Jiawei (27). They were proven to be carrying 160 kilograms of live hermit crabs. The Amami Islands are off the southwest coast of Kyushu and just north of Okinawa. The islands are a popular tourist destination and are known as home to a variety of native plants and animals.[1]

Police said the tourists' actions were detected after one of the hotel workers in Amami became suspicious of the suitcases carried by guests at the hotel. He then reported it to environmental authorities. "They heard a noise coming from a suitcase that was stored," a police officer said. Officers then arrived at the hotel and found spiral-shelled hermit crabs packed into six suitcases. When they returned to the hotel, the three men were arrested for possessing these animals without a valid permit. It is not known why the three men were transporting the crustaceans. Police did not provide further details about the species, but said the seized hermit crabs are classified as "national natural monuments" in Japan due to their cultural and scientific value, and are protected under Japanese law.[2] And if you have any legal issue in Indonesia territory, contact us for business inquiry, feel free in 24 hour, we will be glad to assist you. 

*) For further information please contact:

Mahmud Kusuma Advocate

Law Office

Jakarta - Indonesia.

E-mail: mahmudkusuma22@gmail.com

________________

References:

1. "Koper Berisik Bongkar Aksi Turis China Selundupkan Ribuan Kelomang", www.detik.com., Syanti Mustika, 23 Mei 2025, Diakses pada tanggal 30 Mei 2025, Link: https://travel.detik.com/travel-news/d-7928056/koper-berisik-bongkar-aksi-turis-china-selundupkan-ribuan-kelomang.

2. Ibid.

Citadel Pacific Limited And Sefas Group Have Acquired Shell Gas Stations In Indonesia

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By:

Team of Hukumindo

Previously, the www.hukumindo.com platform has talk about "The Stolen Jim Morrison Statue Has Returned", "How To Report Online Scammer Or Fraud To The Police In Indonesia", "Femicide Murder Case Occurred in Pandeglang Banten in 2023", you may read also "Microsoft Lays Off 3% of Its Employees Globally" and on this occasion we will discuss about 'Citadel Pacific Limited And Sefas Group Have Acquired Shell Gas Stations In Indonesia'.

PT. Shell Indonesia, a subsidiary of Shell plc (Shell), has agreed to transfer ownership of the General Fuel Filling Station (SPBU) business in Indonesia. The buyer of all Shell gas stations in Indonesia is a new joint venture between Citadel Pacific Limited and Sefas Group. Citadel Pacific is a diversified company with operations throughout Asia-Pacific. Citadel is the licensee of the Shell brand in Guam, Saipan, the Republic of Palau, Macau, and Hong Kong. Meanwhile, Sefas Group is the largest distributor of Shell lubricants in Indonesia.[1]

"The operational activities of the Shell gas station business will continue as usual until the completion of the transfer of ownership process which is expected to occur next year. After the transfer of ownership is complete, the Shell brand will remain in Indonesia through a brand license agreement, fuel products will be supplied through Shell and customers will continue to have access to use high-quality fuel products," wrote the official statement from Shell Indonesia.[2] And if you have any legal issue in Indonesia territory, contact us for business inquiry, feel free in 24 hour, we will be glad to assist you. 

*) For further information please contact:

Mahmud Kusuma Advocate

Law Office

Jakarta - Indonesia.

E-mail: mahmudkusuma22@gmail.com

________________

References:

1. "Shell Jual Seluruh SPBU di Indonesia!", www.detik.com., Aulia Damayanti, 23 Mei 2025, Diakses pada tanggal 30 Mei 2025, Link:  https://finance.detik.com/energi/d-7928167/shell-jual-seluruh-spbu-di-indonesia.

2. Ibid.

The Stolen Jim Morrison Statue Has Returned

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By:

Team of Hukumindo

Previously, the www.hukumindo.com platform has talk about "Femicide Murder Case Occurred in Pandeglang Banten in 2023", "Microsoft Lays Off 3% of Its Employees Globally", you may read also "A Greek Woman Turns ChatGPT Into CheatGPT" and on this occasion we will discuss about 'The stolen Jim Morrison statue has returned'.

Social media is currently abuzz with the legendary Jim Morrison bust that has finally returned. Isn't that crazy? The bust that was placed on Jim Morrison's grave was lost 37 years ago. To be precise, in 1988 and the world was very excited about the loss.[1]

But now, the stolen statue has returned thanks to an investigation by the Paris police's finance and anti-corruption division. And now the historic statue has returned to its original place. The Paris police did not provide an explanation regarding the details of the case or even the perpetrator. Even though this happened 37 years ago. But the public doesn't want to bother about that, what's important is that the historical item has returned and is present to decorate Jim Morrison's grave.[2] And if you have any legal issue in Indonesia territory, contact us for business inquiry, feel free in 24 hour, we will be glad to assist you. 

*) For further information please contact:

Mahmud Kusuma Advocate

Law Office

Jakarta - Indonesia.

E-mail: mahmudkusuma22@gmail.com

________________

References:

1. "Patung Dada Jim Morrison Kembali Usai 37 Tahun Dicuri", www.detik.com., Pingkan Anggraini, 23 Mei 2025, Diakses pada tanggal 29 Mei 2025, Link: https://www.detik.com/pop/music/d-7927214/patung-dada-jim-morrison-kembali-usai-37-tahun-dicuri.

Femicide Murder Case Occurred in Pandeglang Banten in 2023

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By:

Team of Hukumindo

Previously, the www.hukumindo.com platform has talk about "Microsoft Lays Off 3% of Its Employees Globally", "How To Report Online Scammer Or Fraud To The Police In Indonesia", "A Greek Woman Turns ChatGPT Into CheatGPT", you may read also "Four Types of Visas Aplicable in Riau Islands Province Specifically for Singapore Citizens" and on this occasion we will discuss about 'Femicide Murder Case Occurred in Pandeglang Banten in 2023'.

The term femicide emerged in relation to allegations in the murder case of a student named Elisa Siti Mulyani (21) who was murdered by her ex-boyfriend, Riko Arizka (23) in Pandeglang, Banten 2023. It is known in this case that the perpetrator killed Elisa because he was annoyed that Elisa had a new boyfriend. The National Commission on Violence Against Women considers Elisa's murder to be femicide. So what is meant by femicide in Elisa's murder case? What does femicide mean? According to the Big Indonesian Dictionary (KBBI), the term femicide means the murder of a woman by a man because of his hatred of women.[1]

The term femicide was first used by Diana Russel at the International Tribunal on Crimes Against Women (1976) and placed it as "misogynistic murder of women by men". Launching its official website, the National Commission on Anti-Violence Against Women (Komnas Perempuan) explains the definition of femicide according to the General Assembly of the United Nations (UN) Human Rights Council (HAM) as follows. According to the UN Human Rights Council General Assembly, the definition of femicide is the murder of women driven by hatred, revenge, conquest, control, enjoyment and the view of women as property so that they can do whatever they want. Therefore, femicide cases are different from ordinary murders because they contain aspects of gender inequality, domination, aggression or oppression. Femicide is not a death as is common but a product of patriarchal and misogynistic culture and occurs in both the private, community and state spheres.[2] A similar case also happened to a model, Valeria Marquez, a beauty content creator from Mexico. And if you have any legal issue in Indonesia territory, contact us for business inquiry, feel free in 24 hour, we will be glad to assist you. 

*) For further information please contact:

Mahmud Kusuma Advocate

Law Office

Jakarta - Indonesia.

E-mail: mahmudkusuma22@gmail.com

________________

References:

1. "Apa Itu Femisida? Dikaitkan di Kasus Elisa Dibunuh Mantan Pakai Kloset", www.detik.com., Widhia Arum Wibawana, 12 Februari 2023, Diakses pada tanggal 27 Mei 2025, Link: https://news.detik.com/berita/d-6564470/apa-itu-femisida-dikaitkan-di-kasus-elisa-dibunuh-mantan-pakai-kloset

2. Ibid.

Microsoft Lays Off 3% of Its Employees Globally

  

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By:

Team of Hukumindo

Previously, the www.hukumindo.com platform has talk about "A Greek Woman Turns ChatGPT Into CheatGPT", "Four Types of Visas Aplicable in Riau Islands Province Specifically for Singapore Citizens", you may read also "This is the Purpose of Blocking Dormant Accounts by the Financial Transaction Reports and Analysis Center (PPATK)" and on this occasion we will discuss about 'Microsoft Lays Off 3% of Its Employees Globally'.

Microsoft is again making major layoffs, cutting more than 6,000 employees, or about 3 percent of its global workforce. This is the biggest wave of layoffs since the company laid off 10,000 employees in 2023. The company said the layoffs are to control operating costs while channeling billions of dollars in investment into artificial intelligence (AI) programs.[1]

Since the beginning of this year, Microsoft has indeed started a performance-based employee reduction that has targeted hundreds of employees. This latest wave of layoffs adds to the long list of efficiencies carried out by the giant technology company over the past two years. More than a year ago, Microsoft also laid off 1,900 employees from the Activision Blizzard and Xbox divisions.[2] And if you have any legal issue in Indonesia territory, contact us for business inquiry, feel free in 24 hour, we will be glad to assist you. 

*) For further information please contact:

Mahmud Kusuma Advocate

Law Office

Jakarta - Indonesia.

E-mail: mahmudkusuma22@gmail.com

________________

References:

1. "Microsoft PHK 6.000 Karyawan, Ini Alasannya", www.cnnindonesia.com., 15 Mei 2025, Diakses pada tanggal 25 Mei 2025, Link: https://www.cnnindonesia.com/teknologi/20250515065303-185-1229274/microsoft-phk-6000-karyawan-ini-alasannya.

2. Ibid.